The Franciscans in Medieval Ireland: Sources / Kilcullen Franciscan Friary, County Kildare

Student Exhibition, MA in Medieval History

Donatus Mooney (1577-1624), whose work is referenced in two other blog posts of this series on medieval Franciscan houses in Ireland, was a Franciscan friar and historian. In his role of the Irish Provincial (elected in 1615), he made visitations to the friaries around Ireland and later wrote an account of his travels in Louvain, between 1617 and 1618.

Left: Kilcullen graveyard on the site of the Franciscan friary (FitzEustace monument in the background and a tomb with figures of saints in the foreground). Right: Saint Francis showing the stigmata, Kilcullen Franciscan friary. Photos: Małgorzata Krasnodębska-D’Aughton.

Mooney’s description of Kilcullen friary in A History of the Franciscan Order in Ireland states that the friary was situated ‘in the diocese of Dublin, eighteen miles from that city, near the bridge of Killcullen, a highway to Munster’. According to Mooney, the friary was an Observant foundation established in 1486 by a member of the FitzEustace family and it served as a burial place for ‘the chief families of the district’.

Donatus Mooney, A History of the Franciscan Order in Ireland, edited by Brendan Jennings, ‘Brussels MS. 3947: Donatus Moneyus, De Provincia Hiberniae S. Francisci’, Analecta Hibernica, vol. 6, 1934, pp. 12–138 (p. 85). Source: Special Collections, UCC Library.

Other seventeenth-century sources including The Annals of the Four Masters (compiled between 1632 and 1636) and James Ware’s (1594-1666) De Hibernia et antiquitatibus eius confirm 1486 as a foundation date and name Roland FitzEustace, Baron of Portlester as the founder, the latter also adds that Roland was buried in Kilcullen friary.

Top: James Ware, De Hibernia et antiquitatibus eius, Dublin, 1654, p. 147. Source: Special Collections, UCC Library. Bottom: Annala Rioghachta Eireann: Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters, translation and notes by John O’Donovan, Dublin: Hodges and Smith, 1851, p. 1139. Source: UCC, Special Collections.

The guardian and Observant Franciscans of the house, juxta pontem de Kilculyne were mentioned at a Dublin provincial council on 5 March 1494.

Roland FitzEustace was the son of Sir Edward FitzEustace and was married to Margaret Janico. Roland was an important political figure in late fifteenth-century Ireland: he was appointed the Treasurer of Ireland in 1454 and Chancellor between 1486 and1492, in 1462 he was made Baron of Portlester. A monument with the effigies of Roland and Margaret is still seen in Kilcullen, in the graveyard located on the site of the medieval friary. Another monument with a similar portrait of the couple was built in Dublin at Saint Audoen’s church. According to The Annals of Ulster Roland died between two Nativities, 25 December and 6 January in 1496.

Bartholomew MacCarthy, ed., Annals of Ulster: Otherwise, Annala Seanait; Annals of Senat/a Chronicle of Irish Affairs from A. D. 431, to A. D. 1540., vol. 3: 1379-1541, Dublin: A. Thom & Co. Ltd, 1887-1901, p. 403. Source: Special Collections, UCC Library.

In 1539 the friary was ‘found to be seized’ of a church and belfry, a dormitory, hall, two chambers, and a kitchen, a cemetery, orchard and garden; also a garden and a park of pasture, containing in the whole eight acres’.

Mervyn Archdall, Monasticon Hibernicum: Or, A History of the Abbeys, Priories, and Other Religious Houses in Ireland, Dublin : W.B. Kelly, 1873-76. Source: Special Collections, UCC Library.

In 1540, Thomas FitzEustace, Lord of Kilcullen occupied the friary as listed in Extents of Irish Monastic Possessions, 1540-1541.

Extents of Irish Monastic Possessions 1540-1, ed. Newport B. White, Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin: Stationery Office, 1943, p. 159. Source: Special Collections, UCC Library.

The friars were expelled from the friary in 1547, the first year of King Edward VI’s reign according to Francis O’Mahony’s Brevis Synopsis.

Top / Bottom: Francis O’Mahony (Matthews), Brevis Synopsis Provinciae Hiberniae FF. Minorum, edited by Brendan, Jennings, ‘Part II: Brevis Synopsis Provinciae Hiberniae FF. Minorum’, Analecta Hibernica, vol. 6, 1934, pp. 139–191 (pp. 159-160). Source: Special Collections, UCC Library.

In 1554 the guardian of the friary and the community begged that Kilcullen be restored, information recorded by the nineteenth-century historian and priest Charles Patrick Meehan (1812-1890) in his Rise and Fall of the Irish Franciscan Monasteries, published in 1869, and then revised by him in 1870, 1872 and 1877.

Charles Patrick Meehan, The Rise and Fall of the Irish Franciscan Monasteries, and Memoirs of the Irish Hierarchy in the Seventeenth Century; with Appendix Containing Numerous Original Documents, Dublin: James Duffy,1872, p. 286. Source: Special Collections, UCC Library.

Few years later, in 1582 Kilcullen house was granted to Edmund Spencer for a rental price of £3, the information provided by Mervyn Archdall (1723-1791) in his Monasticon Hibernicum. According to Donatus Mooney, the friary’s bells and other religious items had to be removed for safe keeping, probably around that time.

Mervyn Archdall, Monasticon Hibernicum: Or, A History of the Abbeys, Priories, and Other Religious Houses in Ireland, Dublin : W.B. Kelly, 1873-76, p.290. Source: Special Collections, UCC Library.

Not much remains of the medieval friary except the FitzEustace’s burial monument, a tomb with figures of the saints (including Saint Francis) and some fragments of medieval fabric that were incorporated in the late eighteenth century in building a new chapel.

Left: The friary ruins with the effigies of Roland FitzEustance and Margaret Janico, Kilcullen Franciscan friary. Right: Effigies of Roland FitzEustace and Margaret Janico, Kilcullen Franciscan friary. Photos: Małgorzata Krasnodębska-D’Aughton.

Tomb chest with saints, Kilcullen Franciscan friary. From left to right: figures of Saint Catherine of Alexandria, the Virgin and Child, Saint Margaret of Antioch and Saint Brigid (?), Saint Francis flanked by two rondels, one showing the Instruments of the Passion and the other, probably the arms of the FitzEustace and Janico families. Photo: Małgorzata Krasnodębska-D’Aughton.

Bibliography

Archdall, Mervyn. Monasticon Hibernicum; or, A History of the Abbeys, Priories, and Other Religious Houses in Ireland: Interspersed with Memoirs of Their Several Founders and Benefactors, and of Their Abbots and Other Superiors, to the Time of Their Final Suppression, edited, with extensive notes, by the Right Rev. Patrick F. Moran. Dublin : W.B. Kelly, 1873-76.

Hunt, John, Irish Medieval Figure Sculpture, 1200-1600: A Study of Irish Tombs with Notes on Costume and Armour, Dublin: Irish University Press, 1974.

Jennings, Brendan, ‘Donatus Moneyus, De Provincia Hiberniae S. Francisci’, Analecta Hibernica, vol. 6, 1934, pp. 12–138.

–––, ‘Part II: Brevis Synopsis Provinciae Hiberniae FF. Minorum’, Analecta Hibernica, vol. 6, 1934, pp. 139–191.

MacCarthy, Bartholomew, ed., Annals of Ulster: Otherwise, Annala Seanait; Annals of Senat/a Chronicle of Irish Affairs from A. D. 431, to A. D. 1540., vol. 3: 1379-1541, Dublin: A. Thom & Co. Ltd, 1887-1901.

Meehan, Charles Patrick, The Rise and Fall of the Irish Franciscan Monasteries, and Memoirs of the Irish Hierarchy in the Seventeenth Century; with Appendix Containing Numerous Original Documents, Dublin: James Duffy, 1872.

Moloney, Joseph, ‘Part III: Brussels MS. 3410: A Chronological List of the Foundations of the Irish Franciscan Province’, Analecta Hibernica, vol. 6, 1934, pp. 192–202.

O’Donovan, John, ed. and transl., Annala Rioghachta Eireann: Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters, Dublin: Hodges and Smith, 1851.

Ware, James, De Hibernia et antiquitatibus eius, Dublin: Typis J. Grismond, impensis Jo. Crook & Thomae Heath, 1654.

White, Newport D., ed., Extents of Irish Monastic Possessions 1540-1541, Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin: Stationery Office, 1943.

Shane Lynch